James Mirrlees Quotes

Powerful James Mirrlees for Daily Growth

About James Mirrlees

James Mirrlees (1936-2018) was a distinguished Scottish economist, renowned for his seminal work in the field of public economics, particularly taxation theory. Born on September 5, 1936, in Edinburgh, Scotland, Mirrlees demonstrated an early aptitude for mathematics and economics. He attended the University of Cambridge, where he graduated with a first-class honors degree in Mathematics. Mirrlees' career took off when he moved to Oxford to work as a Lecturer in Mathematical Statistics at Nuffield College. Here, he began his groundbreaking research on optimal taxation, which would later earn him the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences in 1996. His work, "An Efficient Theory of Taxation," published in 1971, provided a framework for understanding how governments could use taxes to efficiently redistribute wealth and correct market failures. In 1985, Mirrlees moved to the University of Cambridge as the first William Morriston Professor of Political Economy. He continued his research, delving into areas such as environmental economics and development economics. His work in these fields was equally influential, contributing significantly to our understanding of sustainable development and economic growth. Throughout his career, Mirrlees received numerous accolades, including the Royal Economic Society's John Hicks Prize, the Yrjö Jahnsson Award from the European Economic Association, and the Balzan Prize for Economics. His impact on the field of economics is profound, as he bridged the gap between mathematics and economic policy, providing a solid foundation for modern taxation theory. Mirrlees passed away in 2018, leaving behind a rich legacy in the world of economics.

Interpretations of Popular Quotes

"The art of taxation consists in so plucking the goose as to obtain the largest possible amount of feathers with the smallest possible amount of hissing."

This quote suggests that effective taxation is a skill, requiring a balance between maximizing revenue (gathering "feathers") and minimizing resistance or dissatisfaction (the "hissing") from those being taxed. It implies that a fair and efficient tax system aims to minimize negative impact on the economy while still generating sufficient revenue for the government.


"If you tax what you want less of, you get less of it; if you tax what you want more of, you get more of it."

This quote by James Mirrlees suggests that if a government imposes taxes on a particular activity or product (e.g., carbon emissions), they can discourage it, as people face financial incentives to reduce their engagement in that activity. Conversely, if the government reduces taxes on an activity or product that they want to encourage (such as renewable energy), this can stimulate its growth due to reduced costs and increased financial rewards for engaging in that activity. In essence, tax policy can influence economic behavior by altering the cost-benefit analysis of various actions, encouraging or discouraging them based on the government's objectives.


"There is a strong case for progressive taxes on income because inequality in the distribution of income reduces social welfare and redistribution is more efficient than distortionary taxation."

This quote by James Mirrlees implies that a progressive income tax system, where higher earners are taxed at a higher rate, promotes greater societal well-being. The reasoning behind this is twofold: 1) Inequality in income distribution can have detrimental effects on social welfare due to factors like increased poverty, reduced access to opportunities, and social unrest. By redistributing wealth through progressive taxes, we can help alleviate these issues and create a more equitable society. 2) Progressive taxation is seen as more efficient because it allows for the collection of revenue from those who have greater financial means, while minimizing distortionary effects on behavior (such as discouraging work or investment). In other words, the tax system remains relatively simple and easy to understand, while still addressing social inequalities.


"Income taxes should be so heavily loaded as to keep the non-essentials out of the bazaar."

This quote by James Mirrlees suggests that income taxes should be set at a high enough level to discourage unnecessary or luxurious spending, thereby promoting essential consumption only. In essence, he is advocating for economic policy that encourages thriftiness and prioritizes basic needs over excess or superfluous purchases.


"Taxes are a social weapon, and like every other weapon, they can be used for good or for ill."

This quote emphasizes that taxes, like any tool or instrument, have the potential to serve positive or negative purposes. On one hand, when implemented judiciously and equitably, taxes can fund essential public services, infrastructure, and social programs that benefit society as a whole. On the other hand, when misused or poorly designed, taxes can lead to economic inequality, discourage productive activities, and create social unrest. Thus, it underscores the importance of thoughtful tax policy in shaping the social and economic fabric of a nation.


It became clear I wanted to be a development economist. I mean, I said I wanted to work on the economics of poor countries. And I'd actually say that I don't think that was so much about narrowing the gap as about increasing their incomes, which means economic growth, which is really my prime interest.

- James Mirrlees

Became, Poor Countries, Economist

Encourage your own curiosity; pursue the problems based on that. Don't get diverted by trying to do things for your own advancement. In other words, don't be lured into responding to incentives.

- James Mirrlees

Other, Lured, Based, Responding

Don't get diverted by trying to do things for your own advancement. In other words, don't be lured into responding to incentives.

- James Mirrlees

Words, Own, Other, Lured

I think, in effect, in most of the European countries, the total marginal tax rate is over 50 percent; that's to say, add on other taxes like VAT to the income tax.

- James Mirrlees

Income, Other, I Think, Tax Rate

It's not going to be true that every country has the same technological possibilities, but there is no reason why it might not be more or less true. Broadly, that the idea that the same technologies should be available everywhere seems to me very plausible.

- James Mirrlees

Possibilities, Country, Very, Plausible

When things begin to go bad, the perception of people makes it worse.

- James Mirrlees

Bad, Go, Things, Perception

The world's been pretty good at coming up with new ways of doing things.

- James Mirrlees

New, Pretty, Been, Pretty Good

Encourage your own curiosity; pursue the problems based on that.

- James Mirrlees

Curiosity, Pursue, Based, Encourage

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