Eric Kandel Quotes

Powerful Eric Kandel for Daily Growth

About Eric Kandel

Eric Kandel (born December 7, 1929) is an American neuroscientist and psychiatrist, known for his pioneering work in the field of memory storage in the brain. Born in Vienna, Austria, Kandel was raised during the tumultuous era of World War II, which significantly influenced his career choices. He fled to the United States with his family in 1939, settling in New York City. Kandel earned a Bachelor's degree in Biology from the University of Buffalo (SUNY) in 1952, followed by an M.D. from Albany Medical College in 1957. He furthered his studies at the New York Psychiatric Institute and Columbia University, where he began his research on the physiological mechanisms of learning and memory, focusing particularly on sea slugs (Aplysia californica). In 1970, Kandel moved to the National Institutes of Health as a senior investigator. His groundbreaking work on using the sea slug as a model organism for studying learning and memory earned him a shared Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Arvid Carlsson and Paul Greengard in 2000. Kandel's research demonstrated that changes in synaptic strength underlie memory storage, leading to the concept of "synaptic plasticity." Kandel is currently University Professor and Senator John Quincy Adams II Chair in the Department of Neuroscience at Columbia University. He has written several influential books, including "In Search of Memory: The Emergence of a New Science of Mind" (2006), which explores the intersections between neurobiology, psychology, philosophy, and the arts. Throughout his career, Kandel's work has fundamentally reshaped our understanding of the brain, particularly in relation to memory storage, earning him numerous accolades and cementing his place as one of the leading figures in modern neuroscience.

Interpretations of Popular Quotes

"Memory is the fabric of mind."

Eric Kandel's quote, "Memory is the fabric of mind," underscores the essential role that memory plays in shaping our consciousness and identity. Memory allows us to store and recall experiences, knowledge, skills, and emotions, thereby creating a tapestry or structure that defines who we are. It underpins learning, decision-making, and social interactions, forming the very essence of what it means to be sentient beings. In essence, memory is the foundation upon which our minds are built.


"Thinking without remembering is like rowing without oars."

This quote by Eric Kandel highlights the importance of memory in cognitive processes. It suggests that thoughts devoid of remembered experiences, knowledge or facts are similar to rowing a boat without oars – they lack direction, substance, or progression. Memory, in this context, is like an essential tool for thinking, guiding and propelling our thoughts forward based on past experiences, enabling us to make connections, solve problems, and learn from the world around us.


"Psychiatry will be a science when we understand how the brain makes a mind."

This quote by Eric Kandel suggests that the field of psychiatry will achieve scientific understanding, credibility, and maturity once it can explain the biological mechanisms behind the formation of a mind – in other words, when we can pinpoint the specific brain processes that create our thoughts, feelings, and consciousness. In essence, Kandel is advocating for a neurobiological approach to psychiatry, implying that mental disorders may have physical causes and can be treated accordingly.


"The brain is a complex adaptive system that changes and grows in response to experience."

This quote by Eric Kandel emphasizes the dynamic nature of the brain, suggesting it's not a static organ but rather an adaptive system that evolves and develops in response to experiences. In simpler terms, our brains are malleable entities that can modify themselves based on what we learn, feel, and encounter throughout our lives. This idea is significant in understanding human cognition, behavior, and learning processes, as it highlights the potential for growth and change at any stage of life.


"Memory, after all, is not simply a recording of the past but a process that creates an active model of the world."

Eric Kandel's quote highlights that memory isn't merely a passive record of past experiences, but rather an active, ongoing process that shapes our understanding and perception of the world around us. Through memory, we create mental models that guide our behavior, decisions, and interactions with our environment. This means that memories are not static, but dynamic, changing as we learn new information, form connections, and adjust our perspectives based on experiences. In essence, memories help us construct an ever-evolving internal representation of the world, influencing how we navigate life and interact with others.


The biology of mind bridges the sciences - concerned with the natural world - and the humanities - concerned with the meaning of human experience.

- Eric Kandel

Mind, Natural, Concerned, Biology

If you have a lesion in the hippocampus in both sides, you have short term memory, but you can convert that short term memory into long term memory.

- Eric Kandel

Memory, Both Sides, Convert

I've been around a long time, and I've been interested in memory for a long time. And one of my earlier interests in molecular biology of memory led me to define the switch that converts short term to long term memory.

- Eric Kandel

Memory, Biology, Been, Converts

I went to medical school after having decided to do so somewhere between my junior and senior year at Harvard - very late. I initially wanted to be an intellectual historian.

- Eric Kandel

Medical, Very, Having, Senior Year

Memory has always fascinated me. Think of it. You can recall at will your first day in high school, your first date, your first love.

- Eric Kandel

Love, Date, Always, First Love

The brain is a complex biological organ possessing immense computational capability: it constructs our sensory experience, regulates our thoughts and emotions, and controls our actions.

- Eric Kandel

Thoughts, Emotions, Organ, Possessing

I found working in the lab is so completely different than reading a textbook about it. You know, you're planning strategies; you're working with your own hands. There's essential satisfaction in running experiments.

- Eric Kandel

Hands, Textbook, Strategies, Essential

Indeed, artists, particularly modern artists, have intentionally limited the scope and vocabulary of their expression to convey, as Mark Rothko and Ad Reinhardt do, the most essential, even spiritual, ideas of their art.

- Eric Kandel

Art, Particularly, Ad, Essential

I would not necessarily say that scientists and artists need to collaborate with one another, but it would be helpful for them to talk to one another to, perhaps, give rise to specific ideas that may or may not be carried out together.

- Eric Kandel

Give, May, Carried, Collaborate

One can, in principle, outline sort of a set of neural circuits that are critically involved and even identify disorders that affect different components of that neural circuit and see what happens if you knock out, for example, inability to recognize faces, how it affects your response to portraiture.

- Eric Kandel

Knock, Principle, Components, Critically

What the Ellison Foundation and I are hoping to encourage is a more holistic approach to psychiatry, in which psychotherapy is put on as rigorous a level as psychopharmacology.

- Eric Kandel

More, Level, Which, Psychotherapy

In the 1950s and early 1960s, psychoanalysis swept through the intellectual community, and it was the dominant mode of thinking about the mind. People felt that this was a completely new set of insights into human motivation, and that its therapeutic potential was significant.

- Eric Kandel

Motivation, Through, About, Psychoanalysis

The problem of psychoanalysis is not the body of theory that Freud left behind, but the fact that it never became a medical science. It never tried to test its ideas.

- Eric Kandel

Medical, Behind, Became, Psychoanalysis

I was interested in the nature of human mental processes, which is what got me interested in psychoanalysis. And it became clear to me after a while that mental processes come from the brain, and in order to understand them, you need to be a biologist of the brain.

- Eric Kandel

Processes, Which, Became, Psychoanalysis

Early in my career, I was disappointed that psychoanalysis was not becoming more empirical, was not becoming more scientific. It was primarily concerned with individual patients. It wasn't trying to collect data from large groups of people who have been analyzed.

- Eric Kandel

Career, Been, Becoming, Psychoanalysis

Psychoanalysis has a degree of unreliability about it. You will never know whether you've found the truth. You may find a subjective truth, but you don't know.

- Eric Kandel

Will, May, Subjective, Psychoanalysis

The problem for many people is that we cannot point to the underlying biological bases of most psychiatric disorders. In fact, we are nowhere near understanding them as well as we understand disorders of the liver or the heart.

- Eric Kandel

Fact, Liver, We Cannot, Psychiatric

I had many moments of disappointment, despondency, and exhaustion, but I always found that by reading the literature and showing up at my lab looking at the data as they emerged day by day and discussing them with my students and postdoctoral fellows, I would gain a notion of what to do next.

- Eric Kandel

Data, Students, Next, Showing Up

I have a philosophy that has guided me throughout all of my scientific career, and that is, I think of myself as a fairly thoughtful person. I don't go into projects impetuously, and I try to select important problems.

- Eric Kandel

Career, Think, I Think, Guided

Modernism in Vienna brought together science and culture in a new way to create an Age of Insight that emphasized a more complex view of the human mind than had ever existed before.

- Eric Kandel

Mind, New, Brought, Modernism

It may act as an ancillary factor, but by itself, the mutation in tau doesn't give you Alzheimer's disease. This is not to say the tau is not very important. It may be important in propagating the disorder from one cell to another. But as a causal mechanism, the evidence is strongest for beta amyloid abnormalities.

- Eric Kandel

Evidence, Another, Very, Factor

Since Socrates and Plato first speculated on the nature of the human mind, serious thinkers through the ages - from Aristotle to Descartes, from Aeschylus to Strindberg and Ingmar Bergman - have thought it wise to understand oneself and one's behavior.

- Eric Kandel

Thought, Through, Thinkers, Socrates

A brain scan may reveal the neural signs of anxiety, but a Kokoschka painting, or a Schiele self-portrait, reveals what an anxiety state really feels like. Both perspectives are necessary if we are to fully grasp the nature of the mind, yet they are rarely brought together.

- Eric Kandel

Reveal, Feels, Brought, Perspectives

One of the wonderful things about Internet is it's like a salon. It brings people together from different intellectual walks of life.

- Eric Kandel

Wonderful, Like, About, Wonderful Things

I was born in Vienna on November 7, 1929, eleven years after the multiethnic Austro-Hungarian Empire fell apart following its defeat in World War I.

- Eric Kandel

Born, World War I, November, Apart

I've been collecting art for much of my adult life. I started around 1960. And my wife and I really enjoy art a great deal. We don't have a lot of money, so we have works on paper, but we enjoy them a great deal.

- Eric Kandel

Deal, Been, Works, Great Deal

There was little in my early life to indicate that an interest in biology would become the passion of my academic career. In fact, there was little to suggest I would have an academic career.

- Eric Kandel

Career, Fact, Biology, Indicate

Ever since the Enlightenment, people thought that we were living in a rational universe. They thought that God was a mathematician and that the function of the scientist was to figure out the mathematical rules whereby the universe was created.

- Eric Kandel

Thought, Living, Figure, Whereby

One of the ultimate challenges for biology is to understand the brain's processing of unconscious and conscious perception, emotion, and empathy.

- Eric Kandel

Empathy, Unconscious, Perception

In art, as in science, reductionism does not trivialize our perception - of color, light, and perspective - but allows us to see each of these components in a new way.

- Eric Kandel

Art, New, Components, Perception

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