Edmund Morgan Quotes

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About Edmund Morgan

Edmund S. Morgan (1916-2012) was an influential American historian, best known for his significant contributions to the understanding of colonial American history. Born on February 7, 1916, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Morgan's interest in history was sparked early during his education at Haverford College and Harvard University. Following his academic journey, Morgan began his teaching career at Yale University in 1940. He would go on to teach at Brown University from 1967 until his retirement in 1985, serving as the Charles W. Emlen Professor of American History. One of Morgan's most significant works is "The Stamp Act Crisis: Prologue to Revolution" (1953), which shed light on the political tensions leading up to the American Revolution. This groundbreaking book brought attention to the role of colonial merchants in shaping the revolutionary movement, challenging prevailing interpretations of the period. Morgan's "The Puritan Family: A Study in New England Religion and Society" (1944) stands as another seminal work, exploring the complex relationships between family, religion, and society during the early Puritan era. This book remains a cornerstone of Puritan studies today. In his later career, Morgan continued to push boundaries with works such as "The Genuine Article: Essays on the American Revolution" (1980) and "Inventing the People: The Rise of Popular Sovereignty in England and America" (1988). These books further cemented his reputation as a thought-provoking historian, challenging conventional wisdom about key periods in American history. Throughout his life, Edmund Morgan was celebrated for his rigorous scholarship, innovative ideas, and eloquent writing style. His work continues to be influential in the field of American history.

Interpretations of Popular Quotes

"All men have a right to freedom and to property."

This quote by Edmund Morgan suggests that all individuals, regardless of social status or circumstance, have two inherent rights: the right to personal freedom and the right to ownership over property. In essence, he is asserting that these rights are universally applicable to every person. The freedom he refers to includes the ability to act, make decisions, and live one's life without undue restraint or interference from others. Property rights, on the other hand, imply the ability to acquire, possess, use, enjoy, and dispose of property as one sees fit, within the boundaries of law and morality. This quote is significant in the context of political philosophy, particularly in discussions about human rights, individual liberties, and the role of government in protecting those rights.


"No man can be free whose property is not his own."

This quote by Edmund Morgan emphasizes that true freedom cannot exist without personal ownership, as one's possessions are a reflection of one's autonomy and self-determination. In other words, the freedom to make decisions about one's property is an essential component of individual liberty. Without this control over one's belongings, a person may not truly be able to exercise their agency and make choices that align with their values and aspirations, thereby compromising their sense of self-determination and personal freedom.


"Laws are made to be broken."

Edmund Morgan's quote, "Laws are made to be broken," suggests a perspective where laws and regulations may not always fully capture the nuances or needs of society at any given time. It implies that there is an inherent need for people to question, adapt, or even defy laws if they contradict justice, morality, or common sense, in pursuit of progress or fairness. However, this interpretation should be balanced with understanding that the quote does not advocate for widespread lawlessness, but rather encourages critical thinking and a willingness to challenge outdated or unjust laws when necessary.


"The people must make their own liberty and justice, or no one else will make them for them."

This quote by Edmund Morgan emphasizes personal responsibility and empowerment in the pursuit of freedom and justice. It suggests that individuals must take an active role in shaping their own destiny, rather than waiting for someone else to do it for them. In other words, true liberty and justice can only be achieved when people work together to create these values within their communities and society as a whole. This quote underscores the importance of civic engagement, self-determination, and collective action in achieving lasting change and ensuring that everyone has the opportunity to live with dignity, equality, and fairness.


"If the people are to be trusted with their own government, then they must bear its burdens."

This quote by Edmund Morgan emphasizes the principle that citizens who have the power to govern themselves should also shoulder the responsibilities that come with that privilege. It implies a strong belief in the idea of self-rule, where the people are entrusted with the authority to make decisions for their own society, but they must be willing and able to fulfill the duties required by that self-governance. In essence, it suggests that the rights and freedoms associated with democratic governance cannot be enjoyed without also accepting its obligations and burdens.


The musket, always a muzzleloader, took minutes to reload; an archer could aim and fire up to a dozen arrows in a minute. Muskets required continual cleaning and repair; bows were quickly made and easily maintained.

- Edmund Morgan

Aim, Repair, Quickly, Bows

By 1892, enlightenment had progressed to the point where the Salem trials were simply an embarrassing blot on the history of New England. They were a part of the past that was best forgotten: a reminder of how far the human race had come in two centuries.

- Edmund Morgan

How Far, Salem, Blot

Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence; Madison wrote not only the United States Constitution, or at least most of it, but also the most searching commentary on it that has ever appeared. Each of them served as president of the United States for eight years. What they had to say to each other has to command attention.

- Edmund Morgan

Constitution, Other, United, Commentary

Cotton Mather's publications in his own lifetime amounted to more than 400 titles, and his magnum opus, on which he labored most of his life, remains unpublished: a commentary on every verse of every book of the Bible. Anyone who leaves that kind of record behind issues an irresistible invitation to historians.

- Edmund Morgan

Book, Behind, Own, Commentary

Some men look at constitutions with sanctimonious reverence and deem them like the Ark of the Covenant, too sacred to be touched. They ascribe to men of the preceding age a wisdom more than human and suppose what they did to be beyond amendment.

- Edmund Morgan

Some, Amendment, Touched, Covenant

No one escapes from the past without bearing some of its burdens.

- Edmund Morgan

Past, Some, Bearing, Escapes

Washington presided at the Constitutional Convention of 1787 and is often credited with its success. But he had no known part in drafting its provisions.

- Edmund Morgan

Often, Part, Convention, Drafting

Thomas Paine, so celebrated and so despised as he traveled through the critical events of his time, has long appealed to biographers. Paine was present at the creation both of the United States and of the French Republic. His eloquence, in the pamphlet 'Common Sense,' propelled the American colonists toward independence.

- Edmund Morgan

Through, United, Critical, Despised

The three hundredth anniversary of the Salem witch trials of 1692 comes at a time when witchcraft commands a scholarly attention that would have been puzzling in 1892 or even in 1792.

- Edmund Morgan

Three, Been, Salem, Witch

To make a successful film from a successful play is probably much more difficult than making one from scratch, just as any carpenter will tell you that it is more difficult to restore an old house than to build a comparable new one.

- Edmund Morgan

Play, Tell, New One, Old House

In 1787, many Americans were convinced that the 'perpetual union' they had created in winning independence was collapsing. Six years earlier, in the Articles of Confederation, the thirteen state governments had surrendered extensive powers to a congress of delegates from each state legislature.

- Edmund Morgan

Congress, Had, Governments, Extensive

The difference between eccentricity and originality in historical studies is often difficult to detect at first encounter. When a radically new interpretation of a large segment of history makes its appearance, time is needed to sift the evidence.

- Edmund Morgan

New, Evidence, Large, Eccentricity

Between 1776 and 1789, Americans replaced a government over them with a government under them. They have worried ever since about keeping it under. Distrust of its powers has been more common and more visible than distrust of the imperial authority of England ever was before the Revolution.

- Edmund Morgan

Been, Before, About, Between

It was not necessary and might even have been disadvantageous for a government to claim a direct personal commission and communion of the kind God had given some rulers in the Old Testament. A working government might need the support of the Church but not of God Himself in a voice from on high.

- Edmund Morgan

Voice, Some, Been, Claim

Liberty had many friends in the eighteenth century.

- Edmund Morgan

Liberty, Had, Century, Eighteenth

Why consider debates in the English House of Commons in 1628 along with documents on American developments in the late eighteenth century? The juxtaposition is not capricious, because the Commons during this period generated many of the ideas that were later embodied in the government of the United States.

- Edmund Morgan

Why, Documents, Developments, Eighteenth

The colonial period has been the proving ground in America for the new social history, which concentrates on the ordinary doings of ordinary people rather than on high culture and high politics. Unfortunately ordinary people, almost by definition, leave behind only faint traces of their existence.

- Edmund Morgan

Politics, Behind, Been, Faint

The men who founded and governed Massachusetts and Connecticut took themselves so seriously that they kept track of everything they did for the benefit of posterity and hoarded their papers so carefully that the whole history of the United States, recounted mainly by their descendants, has often appeared to be the history of New England writ large.

- Edmund Morgan

United, The History Of, Massachusetts

The famous convention of 1787 met in Philadelphia to define the additional powers needed to enable Congress to do its job effectively. Instead, the convention proposed a brand new national government.

- Edmund Morgan

Famous, New, Convention, Proposed

Throughout his long career, Washington earned the adulation not merely of ordinary people but of the other luminaries whom we now hail as 'founding fathers.'

- Edmund Morgan

Career, Other, Long Career, Hail

The men and women who occupied the east coast of North America between 1607 and 1800 have been more closely scrutinized than any other collection of people in American history.

- Edmund Morgan

Other, Been, North America, East Coast

When historians of early America turned from the pursuit of past politics, they devised a category known in the academy as 'social and intellectual history.' In it, they stuffed nearly everything except politics on the assumption, which the anthropologists assured them was correct, that it would all fit together. Somehow it did not.

- Edmund Morgan

Politics, Turned, Correct, Category

The starting point for the new history, both in Europe and America, has been the record of births, marriages, and deaths, which most literate societies preserve in one form or another. In colonial America, surviving records of this kind - as of every other kind - are most abundant for New England.

- Edmund Morgan

Other, Records, Been, Colonial

History, at its best, always tells us as much indirectly about ourselves as it does directly about our predecessors, and it is often most revealing when it deals with episodes and phenomena that we find repulsive.

- Edmund Morgan

Always, Repulsive, Revealing, Episodes

The first English settlers of North America knew they were making history. New Englanders in particular were so sure of it that they started writing their own accounts of themselves as soon as they got here.

- Edmund Morgan

New, Here, Making, Accounts

The southern colonists were not preoccupied with their own historical significance and mostly did not bother even to make the records of births, marriages, and deaths that they required of themselves by law. Nor did they write accounts of what they were up to for the benefit of posterity.

- Edmund Morgan

Records, Southern, Mostly, Accounts

Apart from the intrinsic interest of the complex system of beliefs the Puritans carried with them, their lives give a clue to what it meant at the beginning to be American. And the level of scholarship dealing with them has reached a point where it can address the human condition itself.

- Edmund Morgan

Beginning, Human Condition, Intrinsic

In America, we may acknowledge Washington and Lincoln as great men, and probably Franklin and Jefferson and maybe Franklin Delano Roosevelt and possibly even several more, but we would probably disagree about precisely what it was that made them great, what it was that enabled them to give a lasting direction to the course of events.

- Edmund Morgan

Maybe, About, Several, Possibly

When Landon Carter, a Virginia plantation owner, read the Declaration of Independence two days after it was issued, he wondered whether its ringing affirmation of equality meant that slaves must be freed. If so, he confided to his diary, 'You must send them out of the country, or they must steal for their support.'

- Edmund Morgan

Country, Steal, Ringing, Plantation

Vox populi vox dei: the voice of the people is the voice of God. The slogan was useful for those who first attempted to substitute the people for God as the source of political authority. Their attempt was ultimately so successful that God no longer seems to be needed in government.

- Edmund Morgan

Voice, Political, Needed, Slogan

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